Human health risk assessment from exposure of heavy metals in river water samples of Jonk River, Kasdol area, Chhattisgarh India

Abstract

Contamination in river water can directly pose significant health risks through oral ingestion, particle inhalation, and dermal contact. Here, we studied the contamination level of heavy metals in water samples to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic doses through multi-pathway exposures for health hazard point of view. The concentration of metals viz. zinc, iron, lead, cadmium, copper, aluminum, nickel, arsenic, mercury and manganese were measured in the collected water samples of Kasdol area, Raipur C.G., India by using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The average contents of the metals studied were as a heavy metals respectively. The contamination factor, pollution load index, and index of geo-accumulation were also calculated to assess the quality of river water. Carcinogenic risk also has been calculated for heavy metals carcinogenic doses for different exposure routes follow the order doses for ingestion (CDIing-ca) > > doses for inhalation (CDIinh-ca) > > doses for dermal absorption (CDIdermal-ca). Our results showed that the average values of Mn, Cd, Ni, Zn in the river water were within the acceptable limits, whereas the average values of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Al, As, Ni and Hg in the water samples were superior than USEPA (1999) rule. The hazard index for both children and adults is less than unity, indicating no non-carcinogenic risk for both children and adults.